Relaxed Memory Model Zoo

Ou–Demsky Load-Store-Ordering Criterion (OD-LSO)
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Ou–Demsky Load-Store-Ordering Criterion OD-LSO

2018 · Ou, Demsky · language, formal · axiomatic formalism

An execution criterion that forbids out-of-thin-air (OOTA) results by preserving load→store ordering, requiring the union of sequence-before and reads-from to be acyclic. Targeted at C/C++-like memory models in which racing operations are explicitly labelled atomic, so it constrains only relaxed atomics; the authors implement it in the LLVM AArch64 backend and report no average overhead (6.3% worst case) on concurrent data-structure benchmarks. A strictly stronger guarantee than the paper's dependency-preserving criterion.

Properties

Property vector author-extrapolated — set only where the model’s definition pins the cell down (unknown cells are omitted); cells citing a specific source are marked.

Reordering sound
  • yes Store→Load
  • yes Store→Store
  • yes Load→Load
  • no Load→Store
Reasoning guarantees
  • yes Coherence
  • yes No out-of-thin-air

Ordering relationships

Strictly weaker than
  • Sequential Consistency (SC) — Ou & Demsky 2018, §6: 'the constraints we impose in general are much weaker than the sequential consistency memory model.' The load-store-ordering criterion permits relaxed-atomics reorderings SC forbids while ruling out OOTA.
Strictly stronger than
  • Ou–Demsky Dependency-Preserving Criterion (OD-Dep) — Ou & Demsky 2018, §1.3.2: preserving syntactic dependency (dependency ∪ reads-from acyclic) is explicitly 'a strictly weaker guarantee than the previous approach' of forbidding load-store reordering (sequence-before ∪ reads-from acyclic); dependency ⊆ sequence-before, so LSO-permitted executions are a subset of dependency-permitted ones.

References

  • Peizhao Ou, Brian Demsky. Towards Understanding the Costs of Avoiding Out-of-Thin-Air Results. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 2 (OOPSLA), Article 136, 2018. doi:10.1145/3276506
  • Hans-J. Boehm, Brian Demsky. Outlawing Ghosts: Avoiding Out-of-Thin-Air Results. MSPC 2014 (Workshop on Memory Systems Performance and Correctness), 2014. doi:10.1145/2618128.2618134